初中英语引语学习：直接引语和间接引语

由Patrickxi 分享时间：2023-09-20 20:34:21 收藏本文

【简介】感谢网友“Patrickxi”参与投稿，以下是小编为大家整理的初中英语引语学习：直接引语和间接引语（共9篇），希望对您有所帮助。

篇1：初中英语引语学习：直接引语和间接引语

1.直接引语

当我们直接引用别人的原话时，叫直接引语，通常用双引号“…”括起来。例如：

He said, “I like to speak French.”

他说，“我喜欢说法语。”

2.间接引语

当我们用自己的口吻和角度转述他人的话时，叫间接引语。

He said that he liked to speak French.

他说他喜欢说法语。

由于是转述，人称、时间、地点等都要变了，所以将直接引语变成间接引语时，有7种情况需要改变：

1)人称变化(从转述者的角度看)

I，you (你)→he, she

my,your→his, their

2)时态变化(把时间往过去相应地退一步)

现在一般时→过去一般时

现在进行时→过去进行时

3)时间的变化

now→then

today→thatday

4)地点的变化

here→there

this place→that place

5)疑问句变成(陈述句)宾语从句

She asked, “Do you remember me?”

→She asked whether her remembered her.

6)祈使句变成不定式或者宾语从句

Jack said, “Sit down here.”

→Jack asked him to sit down there.

7)感叹句转换时的变化

He said, “How beautiful this place is!”

→He said that place was so beautiful.

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公众号：英语语法学习

篇2：直接引语变间接引语

一、直接引语变间接引语

A．疑问句的间接引语

1．一般疑问句和反意疑问句

一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词if 或 whether，其主句动词常用ask， wonder， wantto know， didn't know等。句末不用问号。

My teacher asked me， Do you like American country music 我老师问我：你喜欢美国乡间音乐吗？

转变为： My teacher asked me ifwhether I liked American country music。我老师问我是否喜欢美国乡间音乐。

You haven't been to Beijing， have you asked he。他问：你没去过北京，是吗？

转变为： He asked me ifwhether I had been to Beijing。他问我是否去过北京。

2．特殊疑问句

间接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语前仍然用特殊疑问词作为连词引导宾语从句，注意从句务必用陈述语序，主句谓语动词常用ask。

He asked， How do you like it 他问：你觉得怎样？

转变为： He asked me how I liked it。他问我觉得它怎样。

She asked me， What's the matter with you 她问我：你怎样啦？

转变为： She asked me what was the matter with me。她问我我怎样啦。

How many books do you have she asked。她问：你有多少本书？

转变为： She asked me how many books I had。她问我有多少本。

3．否定的一般疑问句和选取问句

如果直接引语为否定的一般问句或选取疑问句时，用whether?r 连接。

She said， Don't you know my telephone number 她说：你难道不明白我的电话号码吗？

转变为： She asked me whether I knew her telephone number or not。她问我是明白她的电话号码。

Do you like this one or that one Tom asked。汤姆问：你是喜欢这个还是那个？

转变为： Tom asked me whether I liked this one or that one。汤姆问我是喜欢这个还是那个。

4。其它

英语中有些疑问句并非提出疑问，而是表示请求、劝告、推荐等。这种疑问句变为间接引语时，往往采用其他的形式。

①．suggest doing

Shall we all go to the film tonight said Michael。迈克尔说：我们今晚都去看电影，好吗？

转变为： Michael suggested going to the film tonight。迈克尔推荐今晚都去看电影。

What about having a drink he asked。他问：喝杯怎样样？

He suggested having a drink。他推荐喝一杯。

②．advise sb to do

Why don't you go hiking asked James。詹姆士问：你为什么不徒步旅行？

James advised me to go hiking。詹姆士推荐我去徒步旅行。

③。 offer to do

He said， Would you like me to post the letter 他说：你要我寄信吗？

He offered to ost the letter。他主动提出寄信。

④．ask sb to do

Will you please bring your reference book here tomorrow she said to me。她对我说：劳驾你明天把你的参考书带来好吗？

转变为： She asked me to take my reference book there the next day。她让我第二天把我的参考书带去。

B．陈述句的间接引语

直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，在多数状况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句，引述动词通常是say， tell等。与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。

The foreigner aid to me， I like Beijing very much。那老外告诉我：我很喜欢北京。

转变为： The foreigner told me that he she liked Beijing very much。那老外告诉我说他（她）很喜欢北京。

She said，We are very fond of sports。她说：我们都喜欢体育运动。

转变为： She said that they were very fond of sports。她说他（她）们都喜欢体运动。

I'll go over the grammar lesson once again，he said。他说：我将把语法课再复习一遍。

转变为： He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again。他说他将要把语法课再复习一遍。（that可省略）

C．祈使句的间接引语

1．直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语往往用复合宾来表示，其结构为主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（动词不定式）。引述动词可根据口气选用tell， ask， order， mand， request等词，句中please去掉。

She said to me， Please have a rest。她对我说：请休息一下。

转变为： She asked me to have a rest。她要求我休息一下。

Don't all answer at once， she said to the pupils。她对学生说：大家不要齐声回答。转变为： She told the pupils not to answer all at once。她叫学生不要齐声回答。

2．带有let的祈使句（表示请求，推荐或命令），可用suggest + -ing形式或suggest +that从句来表示其相应的意思。

Let's go for a walk， said the girl。那姑娘说，让我们去散散步吧。

转变为： The girl suggested going for a walk。这女孩推荐去散散步。

The teacher sai， Let Lily tidy the classroom。老师说：让莉莉整理教室。

转变为： The teacher suggested that Lily should tidy the classroom。老师推荐让莉莉整理教室。

D．感叹句的间接引语

1．有些感叹句能够根据原句的意思，采用适当的动词变为陈述句，不需用间接宾语来转述。

Help! he cried。他喊到：救命啊！

转变为： He called for help。他大声呼救。

What terrible weather it is!he said。他说：多么糟糕的天气！

转变为： He plained about the terrible weather。他抱怨这糟糕的天气。

Happy Chrismas! he said。他说：圣诞快乐！

He wished me a happy Christmas。他祝我圣诞快乐。

2．直接引语是感叹句变为间接引语时，多采用宾语从句结构，既可用what或how引导，也可用that引导。

What a clever boy you are!my teacher said to him。老师对他说，你是个聪明的孩子啊！

转变为： My teacher told him what a clever boy he was。老师对他说他是一个多聪明的孩子啊。

转变为： My teacher told him that he was a very clever boy。老师说他是一个十分聪明的孩子。

He said， How well you look! 他说：你看起来气色多好啊！

转变为： He said how well I looked。他说我看起来是气色多好啊。

转变为： He said that I ooked very well。他说我看起来气色很好。

间接引语中的词语变化

直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语中的动词时态、人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、时光和地点状语以及主谓语词序往往要作相应的变化。

A．时态的变化

1．时态的变化

①此刻时光推移到过去时光

直接引语中的时态

一般此刻时

此刻完成时

此刻进行时

此刻完成进行时

间接引语中的时态

一般过去时

过去完成时

过去进行时

过去完成进行时

The old man said， I have lived in this street since 1960。

转变为：The old man said that he had lived in that street since 1960。那老人说他自从1起就住在那条街上了。

He said， Is it raining

转变为： He asked if it was raining。他问是不是正在下雨。

②过去时光推移到过去的过去

直接引语中的时态

一般过去时

过去完成时

过去进行时

间接引语中的时态

过去完成时

过去完成时（不变）

过去完成进行时或不变

She said to me， I wrote a letter to my parents three days ago。

转变为：She told me that she had written a letter to her parents three days before。她告诉我她三天前已给她母亲写了一封信。

What were you doing at seven p。m。 yesterday he asked

转变为： He asked me what I was doing at seven p。m。 the day before。他问我前一天晚上七点在干什么。

③将来时光推移到过去将来时光

直接引语中的时态

一般将来时

isamare going to do

isamare to do

间接引语中的时态

过去将来时

waswere going to do

waswere to do

He said， We shall get ready by eight o'clock。

转变为：He said that they ould get ready by eight o'clock。他说他们将在8点前准备好。

We are to meet at the school gate， she said to me。

转变为： Sh told me that they were to meet at the school gate。她告诉我他们约定在校门口见面。

④间接引语中持续原先时态不变

在下列状况下，间接引语中的谓语动词时态能够持续不变。

a。主句为此刻时或将来时，间接引语的时态持续不变。

He thinks， She will be back in a month。

转变为： He thinks she will be back in a month。他想她将在一个月后回来。

He says， I have accepted her invitation。

He says he has accepted her invitation。他说他已理解了她的邀请。

比较：

间接引语中的谓语动词时态比较。

Sarah said to me，I have two brothers。莎莎对我说：“我有两个弟弟。”

Sarah told me that she has two brothers。莎莎告诉我说她有两个弟弟。（说话才认为这状况是真实的）

Sarah told me that she had two brothers。莎拉告诉我说她有两个弟弟。（说话者对此没有什么把握）

b。间接引语表示的是此刻的习惯动作、科学真理、客观事实、格言等。

The geography teacher said to the students， The earth moves round the sun。

转变为： Th geography teacher told the students that the earth moves round the sun。老师告诉学生地球围绕太阳转。

He said， Every dog has his day。

转变为： He said that every dog has his day。他说是人皆有出头日。

c。间接引语中动词表示的动作说话时仍在进行或状态仍然存在，时态可持续不变。

He said，The window is brokn。

转变为： He said that the window is broken。他说玻璃窗碎了。

Just now Brown said， My son is ill today。

转变为： Brown told me just now that his son is ill today。布朗刚才告诉我说，他儿子这天病了。

d。间接引语中有明确的过去时光状语，仍可用一般过去时，不必改为过去完成时。

The girl said， Iwas born in 1978。

转变为： The girl said that she was born in 1978。那女孩说她生于1978年。

She said， My teacher was busy yesterday。

转变为： She said that her teacher was busy yesterday。她说她老师昨日很忙。

2．情态动词的变化

情态动词在间接引语中都能够改为过去式，must表示必、推测、禁止等意思时，可不变；表示务必时可不变，也可用had to 或would have to。

The senior said， All men must die。

转变为： The senior said that all men must die。那老者说人总是要死的。

She said， I must go to see the doctor tomorrow afternoon。

转变为： She saidshe mustwould have to go to see the doctor the next afternoon。她说第二天下午她必须得去看医生。

He said to me， We used to go there every year。

转变为： He toldme that they used to e here every year。他对我说他们过去每年都来那里。（used to在间接引语中不变）

B．代词的`变化

1．人称代词的变化

①当主句的主语是第一人称时，引语中的人称代词不变。

I said， You did quite well in the exam yesterday。

转变为： I said that you had done quite well in the exam the day before。我说你那天考得不错。

②直接引语中主语是第一人称时，在改为间接引语时，其人称与主句中的主语的人称一致。

He said to Tom， I'll do my best to catch up with others。

转变为： He told Tom that he would do his best to catch up with others。他告诉汤姆他将尽他所能赶上其他人。

③直接引语中主语是第二人称时，在改为间接引语时，其人称和主句的宾语相一致。

He said to her， Where did you put the glasses

转变为： He asked her where she had put the glasses。他问她，她把杯子放哪儿了。

提示：

如果主句中无宾语，应根据语境或想象，自添适当的宾语；如果直接引语中有呼语，则将其改为间接引语的宾语。

Mother asked， Where have you been

转变为： Moher asked me where I had been。母亲问我去哪儿了。

Why are you late again， John the teacher asked。

转变为： The teacher asked John why he was late again。老师问约翰为什么他又迟到。

④直接引语中主语是第三人称时，在改为间接引语时不发生变化。

He said to Tom， She can help them。

转变为： He told Tom that she could help them。他告诉汤姆她能够帮忙他们。

2．物主代词的变化

You should not overlook your fault， Mum said to me。

转变为： Mum told me that I should not overlook my fault。妈妈对我说我不就应忽略我的缺点。

The two boys said， We have lost ur dog。

转变为： The two boys said they had lost their dog。这两个男孩说他们的狗丢了。

3．指示代词的变化

直接引语中的指示代词

this

these

间接引语中的指示代词

that

those

She said， This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived。

转变为： She said that that wa the house in which Lu Xun had once lived。她说那是鲁迅以前住过的房子。

I bought these flowers for you， Jane said。

Jane said that she had bought those flowers for me。简说那些花是她为我买的。

I grow these tomatoes myself， he said。

转变为： He aid that he grew those tomatoes himself。他说那些胡萝卜是他自我种的。

C．时光和地点状语的变化

1．地点状语的变化

当直接引语变间引语时，地点状语here通常变为there。但如果说话人所在地点就是引述人所在地点，那么仍然使用here。

Come here， please， he said。

转变为： He asked me to e here。他叫我到那里来。（引述人地点不变）

转变为： He asked me to go there。他叫我到那里去。（引述人地点发生变化）

Here she burst out into a flood of tears， he said to me。

转变为： He told me that she had burst out into a flood of tears there。他告诉我说，谈到那个地方她就放声大哭了起来。

2．时光状语的变化

He said， I spoke to them yesterday。

转变为： He said that h had spoken to them the day before。他说他前一天跟他们讲过话了。

The student said，We have learned about 3，000 English words so far。

转变为： The student said that they had learned about 3，000 English words by then。那学生说到那时为止他们已学会了3，000个英语单词。

篇3：直接引语变间接引语

一．1。引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语;

2。用自我的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数状况下是一个宾语从句。

二．直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意人称、时态、时光状语、地点状语等的变化。

1、时态的变化

直接引语变为间接引语时，若主句为过去时态，变为间接引语的宾语从句通常要将时态往后推一个，即一般此刻时变为一般过去时，一般将来时变为过去将来时，此刻进行时变为过去进行时，此刻完成时变为过去完成时，一般过去时也变为过去完成时，等等(若直接引语为过去完成时，变为间接引语能够不变)。另外，若直接引语中有情态动词can， may等，也应变成过去式could， might等(情态动词must能够变为had to，也可不变，should， ought to， had better 等能够不变)。如：

He said， “I’m waiting for her。” 他说：“我在等她。”

变为He said that he was waiting for her。他说他在等她。

“I like to watch TV，” she said。她说：“我喜欢看电视。”

变为She said that she liked to watch TV。她说她喜欢看电视。

“It will rain soon，” he said。他说：“很快就会下雨。”

变为He said that it would rain soon。他说很快就会下雨。

“She can swim，” he said。他说：“她会游泳。”

变为He said that she could swim。他说她会游泳。

直接引语

一般此刻时

一般将来时

此刻进行时

此刻完成时

过去完成时

间接引语

一般过去时

过去将来时

过去进行时

过去完成时

2、人称的变化

下方有一句顺口溜 “一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：

She said。 “My brother wants to go with me。 ”变为She said her brother wanted to go with her。

“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也能够用第一人称，如：

He said to Kate。 “How is your sister now?”变为He asked Kate how her sister was then。

“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：

Mr Smith said。 “Jack is a good worker。”变为Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。

3、时光状语、地点状语等其他变化

指示代词

时光状语

地点状语

动词

this变为that

now 变为then

here变为there

e变为go

these变为those

today变为 that day

bring变为take

tonight变为that night

1）直接引语变间接引语时，有些时光状语根据状况也要相应的改动：如将now改为then，将today 改为that day，将tonight改为that night，将yesterday改为the day before，将this month改为that month，将last week改为the week before，将three years ago改为three years before，将tomorrow改为the next day，将next year改为the next year，等等。如： He said， “I’m very busy now。” 他说：“我此刻很忙。”

变为He said that he was very busy then。他说他当时很忙。

He said， “I want to leave today。” 他说：“他想这天离开。”

变为He said that he wanted to leave that day。他说他想那天就离开。

He said， “She left yesterday。” 他说：“她昨日离开了。”

变为He said that she had left the day before。他说她前一天就离开了。

She said， “I’ll tell you tomorrow。” 她说：“我明天告诉你。”

变为She said that she would tell me the next day。她说她第二天告诉我。

以上变化有时应视状况而定，若在当时转述，now不必改为then；若在当天转述，today， yesterday， tomorrow等不必改为that day， the day before， the next day等；若在当周转述，this week， last week 不必改为that week， the last week；若在当年转述，this year， last year 不必改为that year， the last year等

2）主要涉及的地点状语是here，它在间接引语中通常要变为there。如“I’ve live here for 10 years，” he said。他说：“我在这儿已住了。”

变为He said that he had lived there for 10 years。他说他在那儿住了10年。

注：若在当地转述，则here也可不必改为there

3）直接引语变为间接引语时，有个别动词也可能需要改变，如e改为go，bring改为take等。如：

“He will e today。” she said。她说：“他这天会来。”

变为She said that he would go that day。她说他那天会去。

注：若地点和场所未发生改变，e和bring等也可不变

三．由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下状况：

1。直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that 引导。例如：

She said， “I am very happy to be with you。” 变为She said (that) she was very happy to be with me。

He said，“I will choose a book for my students。” 变为He said(that)he would choose a book for his students。

2。直接引语是一般疑问句时，变成间接引语，由连词whether或if 引导。例如：

He asked me， “Do you like watching TV?”变为He asked me if/whether I liked watching TV。

He asked， “Are you sure your mother will e?”变为He asked me whether / if I was sure my mother would e。

注意：大多数状况下， if和whether 在引导宾语从句时能够互换，但后紧跟or not时，一般只用whether。例如：

She asked me whether or not he could do the work。 / She asked me whether he could do the work or not。

3。直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的连接词who， whom， what， whose， how， when， why， where 等引导。例如：

He asked: “Where are you to get off， John?” 变为He asked John where he was to get off。

直接引语变间接引语时，有些时光状语根据状况也要相应的改动：如将now改为then，将today 改为that day，将tonight改为that night，将yesterday改为the day before，将this month改为that month，将last week改为the week before，将three years ago改为three years before，将tomorrow改为the next day，将next year改为the next year，等等。如：

He said， “It is too late now。” 他说：“此刻太迟了。”

变为：He said that it was too late then。他说当时已太迟了。

He said， “It is very cold today。” 他说：“这天很冷。”

变为：He said that it was very cold that day。他说那天很冷。

She said， “I’ll be back tomorrow。” 她说：“我明天回来。”

变为：She said that she would be back the next day。她说她第二天回来。

以上变化有时应视状况而定，若在当时转述，now不必改为then；若在当天转述，today， yesterday， tomorrow等不必改为that day， the day before， the next day等；若在当周转述，this week， last week 不必改为that week， the week before；若在当年转述，this year， last year 不必改为that year， the year before 等。

篇4：直接引语变间接引语

时 now then

today that day

this week(month …) that week(month…)

间 yesterday the day before

the day before yesterday two days before

Last week(year …) The week(year …) before

状 Three days(a year， years …) ago Three days(a year， years …) before

tomorrow The next(following) day

The day after tomorrowTwo days later(in two days time)

语 Next week(year， month …) The next(following)week(year， month …)

指示代词 this that

these those

地点状语 here there

动词 e go

Bring take

如何变句型：

1。直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由 that 引导的宾语从句。

直接引语陈述句，去掉引号加that，引述动词say ，tell， repeat， explain， think，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规定。

如：

She said， “My brother doesn’t want to go there。 ”

转变为：She said that her brother didn’t want to go there。

She said，“Our bus will arrive in five minutes。”

转变为： She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes。

2。直接引语是疑问句时，间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask，或改为wonder， do not know， want to know， be not sure， be puzzled等。

直接引语疑问句，间接引语陈述序，引导动词say要变，ask，wonder，do not know，want to know，be not sure，be puzzled据语气。

直接引语一般、反意疑问句，去掉引号加if/whether，直接引语选取疑问句，whether…or带宾从句，陈述语序要记住，时态人称和状语，留意变化别马虎。

I asked her， “Do you study English here”

转变为： I asked her if she studied English there。

??She said， “Do you often e here to read newspapers”

转变为：She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers。

She asked me ， “You have seen the film， haven’t you”

转变为：She asked me whether(或ifI had seen the film。

I asked him， “Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight”

转变为：I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night。

He said，“Can you swim， John” 转变为： He asked John if he could swim。

“You have finished the homework， haven't you”my mother asked。

转变为： My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework。

直接引语是特殊疑问句，直接去引号，陈述莫忘掉，留意助动词，丢它最重要。

“What do you want” he asked me。

转变为：He asked me what I wanted。

She asked me，“When do they have their dinner”

转变为： She asked me when they had their dinner。

3。直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语为what 或how 引导，也能够用that 引导。

直接引语感叹句，what 、how 来引导，间引仍用感叹句，有时也用that引，间引语序要调整，陈述语序最要紧。

She said， “What a lovely day it is !”

转变为：She said what a lovely day it was 。

或She said that it was a lovely day。

4。直接引语是祈使句时，间接引语为不定式，作ask ， tell， beg， order， warn， advise等动词的宾语补足语（don’t 变为not ）。直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask， order， beg 等) sb (not) to do sth。”句型。直接引语为祈使句变成间接引语时，要变成以下格式：

ask sb。 (not) to do sth。（表示客气）

tell sb。 (not) to do sth。（命令性强于上方）

order sb。 (not) to do sth。（命令性最强）

直接引语祈使句，间接引语不定式，去掉引号要加to；ask ， tell， beg， order， warn， advise，带宾补，直接引语是否定式，not加在to前部。

如：

The teacher said to her mother， “Please give me the book。 ”

转变为： The teacher asked her mother to give her the book。

The teacher said to her mother， “Don’t give me the book。 ”

转变为： The teacher told her mother not to give her the book。

“Don't make any noise，”she said to the children。

转变为： She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise。

“Bring me a cup of tea， please，”said she。

转变为： She asked him to bring her a cup of tea。

注意：

直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）。”如：

He said， “Let’s go to the film。”

转变为：He suggested going to the film。或He suggested that they should go to see the film。

篇5：直接引语变间接引语

口诀：“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”

“第一人称看主语，第二人称看宾语，宾语若是不存在，活用代词I， me， my。”

注：“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：

She said，“My brother wants to go with me。”

转变为： She said her brother wanted to go with her。

“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人你所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也能够用第一人称，如：

He said to Kate，“How is your sister now”

转变为： He asked Kate how her sister was then。

“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：

Mr。 Smith said，“Jack is a good worker。”

转变为： Mr。 Smith said Jack was a good worker。

如何变时态：

口诀：“主句谓语动词此刻将来一般时，直引只变人称用原句，主句的谓语动词一般过去时，间引时态向后升一级; 主句的谓语动词一般过去时，直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。”

篇6：直接引语变间接引语

一般此刻时一般过去时

此刻进行时过去进行时

此刻完成时过去完成时

一般过去时过去完成时

过去完成时过去完成时

一般将来时过去将来时

如：

1) She said，“I have lost a pen。”转变为： She said she had lost a pen。

2) She said，“We hope so。”转变为： She said they hoped so。

3) She said，“He will go to see his friend。”转变为： She said he would go to see his friend。

但要注意在以下几种状况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。

① 直接引语是客观真理、引用格言时。

“The earth moves around the sun。” the teacher told me。

转变为： The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun

② 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：

Jack said，“John， where were you going when I met you in the street”

转变为： Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。

③ 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：

Xiao Wang said，“I was born on April 2l， 1980。”

转变为： Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20， 1980。

④ 直接引语如果是一般此刻时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：

He said，“I get up at six every morning。”转变为： He said he gets up at six every morning。

⑤ 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had better， used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could， should， would， might）不再变。如：

Peter said，“You had better e have today。”

转变为： Peter said I had better go there that day。

如何变状语：

直引变间引，状语变化应遵循：时状今变昔，地状近变远，指示这变那，动作来变去

直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时光状语由“此刻”改为“原先”

（例：now 变为 then， yesterday 变为 the day before）地点状语，

尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为 that)，如：

He said，“These books are mine。” 转变为： He said those books were his。

篇7：直接引语变间接引语练习题

1．He said, “I’ve left my book in my room.”

2．She asked me, “Is this book yours or his?”

3．The teacher asked, “How did you repair it?”

4．She said, “He will be busy.”

5．She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”

6．The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”

7．My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”

8．The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”

9．He said, “We are still students.”

10．He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”

11．He said, “I have studied English since .”

12．I said to him, “I have finished it.”

13．She said to us,“ I’ll come here tomorrow.”

14．“Where does your chemistry teacher live, Jane?” the young man asked.

15．“I have gotten the first place in the mathematics competition,” the little boy said happily.

16．“Light travels faster than sound,” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls.

17．“Will you go to the concert with me this evening?” Mary asked me.

18．“What did you do here yesterday?” the old man asked my brother.

篇8：直接引语变间接引语练习题

1. He asked ________ for the computer.

A. did I pay how much B. I paid how much

C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid

2. “Have you seen the film?” he asked me. →He asked me _______.

A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the film

C. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film

3. “Please close the window,” he said to me.

→He ______ me _____ the window.

A. said to; to close B. told to; closing

C. asked ; to close D. said to; please close

4. “I am a teacher,” Jack said. →He said _________.

A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher

C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher

5. He said, “Mother, the boy is very naughty.” →He _____- very naughty.

A. said his mother that the boy was

B. said to his mother that the boy is

C. told his mother that the boy was

D. spoke to his mother that the boy was

6. “You’ve already got well, haven’t you?” she asked.

→She asked ________.

A. if I have already got well, hadn’t you

B. whether I had already got well

C. have I already got well

D. had I already got well.

7. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?”

→He asked me _________.

A. am I a Party member or a League member

B. was I a Party member or a League member

C. if I was a Party member or a League member

D. whether was I a Party member or a League member.

8. He asked, “How are you getting along?” →He asked _______.

A. how am I getting along

B. how are you getting along

C. how I was getting along

D. how was I getting along

9. He asked me ________ with me.

A. what the matter is B. what the mater was

C. what’s the matter D. what was the matter

10. He said, “Don’t do that again.” He _____ me _______ that again.

A. said to me; not to do B. said to me; don’t do

C. told me; don’t do D. told me; not to do

11. He asked me _________.

A. if she will come B. how many books I want to have

C. they would help me to do it D. how it happened

篇9：中学英语语法直接引语和间接引语

引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“ ”标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句，其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢?

(一)人称的转变

1. 直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：

He said，“I am very sorry. ”

He said that he was very sorry.

2. 直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如：

“You should be more careful next time, ”my father told me.

My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.

3. 直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如：

She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight. ”

She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.

4. 人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：

He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?”

鯤e asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.

总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。

(二)时态的转换

直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句(即间接引语部分)的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态(实际也是宾语从句的时态要求)，变化如下：

一般现在时一般过去时

现在进行时过去进行时

现在完成时过去完成时

一般将来时过去将来时

一般过去时过去完成时

过去完成时不变

过去进行时不变

如：

1)“I am very glad to visit your school”, she said.

鯯he said she was very glad to visit our school.

2)Tom said, “We are listening to the pop music. ”

鯰om said that they were listening to the pop music.

3)Mother asked, “Have you finished your homework before you watch TV?”

鯩other asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.

4)He asked the conductor, “Where shall I get off to change to a No. 3 bus?”

鯤e asked the conductor where he would get off to change to a No. 3 bus.

5)“Why did she refuse to go there?”the teacher asked.

鯰he teacher asked why she had refused to go there.

6)Mother asked me, “Had you finished your homework

before you watched TV?”

鯩other asked me whether I had finished my homework before I watched TV.

7)Tom said, “We were having a football match this time yesterday. ”

鯰om said that they were having a football match that time the day before.

8)He said，“I haven't heard from my parents these days. ”

鯤e said that he hadn't heard from his parents those days.

(三)时间状语、地点状语及某些对

比性的指示代词和动词变化

now then

today that day

时yesterday the day before

间last week(month) the week(month)before

tomorrow the next(following)day

next year the year before

two days ago two days before

this that

指示代词

these those

地点状语：here鰐here

动词：come鰃o

bring鰐ake

如：

She said, “I won't go there any more. ”

鯯he said she wouldn't come here any more.

He said, “This will be finished tomorrow. ”

鯤e said that would be finished the next day.

Paul said, “I visited China last year. ”

鯬aul said he had visited China the year before.

(四)直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变

1. 当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：

He always says, “I am tired out. ”

鯤e always says that he is tired out.

2. 当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：

He will say, “I’ll try my best to help you. ”

鰄e will say that he will try his best to help me.

3. 当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如：

He said, “I went to college in 1994. ”

鯤e told us that he went to college in 1994.

4. 当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：

He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school. ”

鯤e said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school.

5. 当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如：

Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound. ”

鯫ur teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.

6. 当引语是谚语、格言时，如：

He said，“Practice makes perfect. ”

鯤e said that practice makes perfect.

7. 当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, need时，如：

The doctor said, “You'd better drink plenty of water. ”

鰐he doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water.

He said, “She must be a teacher. ”

鯤e said that she must be a teacher.

He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by now. ”

鯤e said that she ought to have arrived her office by then.

The teacher said, “You needn't hand in your compositions today. ”

鯰he teacher said we needn't/didn't need to/didn't have to hand in our compositions.

She asked, “Must I take the medicine?”

鯯he asked if she had to take the medicine.

［注］：此处用had to代替must更好

8. 此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here不必改为there, 动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改变。如：

Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon.

Student A: What did the teacher say, Monitor?

Monitor; He said we might have the ball game this afternoon.

(五)直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化

1. 陈述句。用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that, 如：

He said, “I have been to the Great Wall. ”

鯤e said to us that he had been to the Great Wall.

He said, “I'll give you an examination next Monday. ”

鯤e told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday. (不可说told that)

此外主句中的谓语还常有：

repeat, whisper, answer, reply, explain, announce, declare, think等，又如：

He said，“I'm late because of the heavy traffic. ”

鯤e explained to us that he was late because of the heavy traffic.

如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。

The doctor said, “You are not seriously ill, You will be better soon. ”

鯰he doctor said(that) I was not seriously ill and that I would be better soon.

2. 直接引语为一般疑问句，也称是否疑问句，间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。

He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”

鯤e asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.

He said, “You are interested in English, aren't you?”

鯤e asked whether I was interested in English.

3. 直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…. 如：

He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”

鯤e asked me whether I spoke English or French.

I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?”

鯥 asked him whether he would take bus or take train.

4. 直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如：

He asked，“What's your name?”

鯤e asked(me)what my name was.

He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?”

鯤e asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.

5. 直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, order, request等。如ask sb. to do，(由肯定祈使句变成)ask sb. not to do(由否定祈使句转变)，并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如：

He said，“Be seated, please. ”

He asked us to be seated.

“Do be careful with your handwriting. ”He said.

He told me to be careful with my handwriting.

“Never come here again!”said the officer nearby.

The officer ordered the villagers never to go there again.

“Don't touch anything in the lab without permission, ”the teacher said.

The teacher warned the students not to touch anything in the lab without permission.

6. 有些含有“建议”、“劝告”的祈使句，可用suggest, insist, offer等动词转述，如：

1)He said, “Let's have a rest. ”

鯤e suggested our having a rest.

2)He said, “Let me help you. ”